This conversation with Swedish artist Kristoffer Zetterstrand, a classic trained painter
mixing art history with elements and techniques from videogames, took place via email in November 2009.
GameScenes: In 2002, Swedish gallery ALP/Peter Bergman presented “Free-look Mode”, a series of paintings inspired by Counter-Strike. Was this the first
time you used computer games in your works?
Kristoffer Zetterstrand: Yes, It
was the first time I made paintings using computer games as an inspiration. I had been
influenced earlier on by their aesthetics and design, but never
used them in such explicit way. The moment I realized I had to paint scenes
based on Counter-Strike was when once I got killed in the game,
and suddenly found myself partly outside the graphics, being able to see both
the realistic 3D world I was bound to a second ago, as well as the black void
outside the game, the graphic card's rendering of nothingness. I had some sort of an epiphany... It was very
beautiful, and I felt the urge to paint it. 
Kristoffer Zetterstrand, "cs_italy", 20x28,5cm. watercolour (2002) link @ Zetterstrand
GameScenes: What is the rationale behind “Free-look mode”?
Kristoffer Zetterstrand: Counter-Strike is a online team-based game, you have to wait until either team
wins and the round restarts if you get killed in the game, and "Free-look
Mode" in the game was simply an option to allow the users to keep following the ongoing action (although you were basically dead) by flying freely through the game map, unhindered by whether
there were created graphics there or not. Flying through these environments of
part realistic landscapes, part abstract void, I found that this was a very
interesting re-interpretation of he classical notion of the spirit world; the dead being
able to see the still living, but unable to communicate with them, and at the
same time seeing through the logical construction of the world... You were also
able to chat with the other dead players, and comment on the progress of the
game. The images created by the game were also interesting in their unintended
abstract qualities, by their mix between convincing realism and ultimate
flatness, and I spent a long time trying to get the perfect screenshots. This
sometimes meant I tried to get killed as quickly as possible so I could have
time to get good shots. I remember getting kicked out of a few servers, because
the other players thought I was weird. 
Kristoffer Zettrstrand, "Kong", MD on Oil(2003) link @ Zetterstrand
GameScenes: In your
paintings you often mix references from
art history and videogames from the 1980s. What is you
relationship to pixel art, and pixels, in general?
Kristoffer Zetterstrand: I find
that in early computer graphics, where the creators only had a few colours and
a limited resolution to work with, they had to be very creative, using colour
and form in innovative ways - and they often produced stunning results. I also
like the very idea of the pixel, presented in a sense as the smallest "image
part" but still being visibly an object, a rectangle. In my images I like
to enlarge these pixels, and to give them a part to play in another context.
For example to move them from 2D to 3D, and exaggerate their flatness by having
them cast shadows. I also like to experiment with different types of realism
and painting styles in my work, treating the different image elements like
actors on a stage, each with their own personality. 
The process of creating a painting @ Zetterstrand
GameScenes: Is there any resemblance between videogames and art history?
Kristoffer Zetterstrand: Yes, of
course. The game designers are not starting from a blank slate. They are just
like any artist, consciously or not affected by the inherited imagery and
conventions from art
history, be it via advertising, movies or whatever. They are also by necessity
using our common clichés, in order to tell the story. Many times however, I find
fresh ideas and surprising image solutions in computer games, not as easily
found in the more tradition-bound art world. 
Kristoffer Zettrstrand, "The Source", 52x52 cm, MD on Oil (2004) link @ Zetterstrand
GameScenes: Many of
your paintings could be described as "meta-art". Consider, for instance, the impressive diorama titled “The Game”. Can
you tell me something about the process of creating a game-based painting or a diorama?
Kristoffer Zetterstrand: I am
interested in how structures mix and create new forms and meanings, and a
painting in itself is just that, a combination of layers and textures that form
a new whole. Also, since I trained in a classical painting tradition from the
start, I have some experience in the technical aspects of 'building' a painting
by using underpaintings, transparent paint layers and such. I try to use these
techniques and sometimes to exaggerate them so that the makeup of the the
painting become very visible in the finished result. In a way, I also work
much like a game designer in the construction of the scenes. For some years, my process consists in sculpting all my scenes in 3D in the computer
before I paint them, creating a kind of "virtual still lifes". This
means that during the whole process of sketching, given the methods of
sculpting in 3D, I am very aware of the logical construction and
"physicality" of the whole scene, from the inside and out. I can
rotate the scene, and move my "actors" around and rearrange the
lighting. The virtual camera used to render the final scene can also be moved
and changed throughout the process, enabling me to try out an indefinite number
of points of view. I often have rendered hundreds of candidate images for the
scene before choosing the right one. It takes a lot of time. For example, the
painting you mentioned, "The game", took me three months to virtually sculpt using Maya before I decided I had a motif to use for painting. 
Kristoffer Zetterstrand, "The Game" (2009); link. @ Zetterstrand
GameScenes: How do you
see the relationship between the artist and the game designer, the canvas and
the screen?
Kristoffer Zetterstrand: In order
not to break the ilusion in a game, the game designer needs to stay out of the
picture, but I sometimes find the traces of the creation of the game to be an
interesting addition to the experience, like in a Brechtian Verfremdung
effect. Encountering bugs in a game is an example of such a moment, when your
immersion in the game is shattered, and instead of being scared of the monster,
you laugh at it being stuck halfway through the ceiling. The imperfections
remind us of the creator, the artist or the game designer, and sometimes
brings us closer to the intentions of the artwork. The hand in
"Pointer" was meant as a hand belonging to another realm of realism
than that of the karate fighter, and the background (from Caspar David
Friedrich) yet another. But I never thought of Michelangelo's painting as I did
the picture, believe it or not. It was afterwards, when someone pointed it out,
that I saw the obvious connection. So in a way, I had a bug in my painting. 
Kristoffer Zetterstrand, "Pointer" (2008); link. @ Zetterstrand
GameScenes: In Sweden you are
a successful artist. Do you think you would have the same success if you only worked
with digital media, making for example artistic videogames, and not figurative
paintings?
Kristoffer Zetterstrand: I have no
idea. I actually worked a little with computer game graphics in the early 90's,
And I made a map for Counter-Strike (called de_priory) a couple of years ago as
a way to teach myself the tools to make 3D worlds. I downloaded the free apps
used to make Counter-Strike, like Worldcraft and Terragen, and also ended up
creating over 200 custom textures for the game. In the end, by learning these
tools I found a new way of sketching scenes to use in my paintings. I have now
gone over to Maya as my 3D sketching tool, but the idea is still the same. I am
still fascinated by the techniques of game creation, and I believe that I could
have worked in the game design business, had I not found myself all too
captured by painting. 
Kristoffer Zetterstrand, "The Golden Apple", 120x120cm, Oil on canvas (2006) link @ Zetterstrand
GameScenes: How would
you describe the attitude to Game Art in Sweden today?
Kristoffer Zetterstrand: I have
actually never considered myself to be making "Game Art", but I guess
my influences from games, as well as the tools I'm using could sometimes
include my work in that category. I think that the last few years have seen an
increased media interest in gaming in general, with game reviews in major
newspapers and e-sport on television. In 2002 there were very little talk of
Game Art, and of course it has gotten more respect since then, but it is still
in its infancy.
GameScenes: What's your personal relationship to computer games? Do you have time to play these days?
Kristoffer Zetterstrand: Actually,
the last year I have played quite little because of too much work. But recently
after my last solo show, I have found some time to play a few games that I never
got to finish earlier. So I just played through Fallout 3, and I'm going to
finish Bioshock now. I am looking forward to the next episode of
Half-Life 2.
Text by Mathias Jansson.
Link: Kristoffer Zetterstrand
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